1818-1883
马克思Karl Marx
马克思重要著作、文章和专题阅读入口。Major works, essays, and study entries for Karl Marx.
历史位置Historical Position 马克思奠定了政治经济学批判和历史唯物主义的理论基础，是现代共产主义运动的核心理论源头。Marx founded the critique of political economy and historical materialism, becoming a central theoretical source of the modern communist movement.
理论贡献Contribution 他的贡献在于把资本主义理解为历史形成的社会关系，揭示剩余价值、阶级斗争、国家形式和世界市场之间的联系。His contribution is to understand capitalism as a historically formed social relation and to connect surplus value, class struggle, state forms, and the world market.
资本批判历史唯物主义阶级斗争国家批判critique of capitalhistorical materialismclass strugglestate critique方法论：从感受进入历史唯物主义阶级直觉：看见资本主义日常政治经济学：理解资本运动国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《黑格尔法哲学批判》Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要避免把马克思变成经济决定论、道德主义或抽象预言；重点应放在方法、历史条件和社会关系批判。Avoid turning Marx into economic determinism, moralism, or abstract prophecy; focus on method, historical conditions, and critique of social relations.
相关专题Related Topics 政治经济学Political Economy、国家理论Theory of the State、帝国主义Imperialism、阶级与劳动Class and Labor、妇女解放Women’s Liberation
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1820-1895
恩格斯Friedrich Engels
恩格斯重要著作、文章和专题阅读入口。Major works, essays, and study entries for Friedrich Engels.
历史位置Historical Position 恩格斯是马克思主义共同奠基者，也是工人阶级状况、国家起源和科学社会主义通俗化的重要作者。Engels was a co-founder of Marxism and a major writer on working-class conditions, origins of the state, and the popularization of scientific socialism.
理论贡献Contribution 他把历史材料、社会调查和理论概括结合起来，推动马克思主义在工人运动中的传播。He combined historical material, social investigation, and theoretical synthesis, helping spread Marxism in the workers’ movement.
历史唯物主义家庭与国家工人阶级自然辩证法historical materialismfamily and stateworking classdialectics方法论：从感受进入历史唯物主义阶级直觉：看见资本主义日常国际主义协作与当代任务国家、阶级统治与革命问题
建议入口Suggested Entry 《神圣家族》The Holy Family
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读恩格斯时要注意不把通俗表达简化为公式，也要辨析其时代科学材料的历史局限。Read Engels without reducing his popular explanations to formulas, while noting the historical limits of some scientific materials of his time.
相关专题Related Topics 政治经济学Political Economy、国家理论Theory of the State、帝国主义Imperialism、阶级与劳动Class and Labor、妇女解放Women’s Liberation
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1870-1924
列宁V. I. Lenin
列宁重要著作、文章和专题阅读入口。Major works, essays, and study entries for V. I. Lenin.
历史位置Historical Position 列宁把马克思主义推进到帝国主义、国家理论、政党组织和民族殖民地问题的集中讨论。Lenin extended Marxism through concentrated work on imperialism, state theory, party organization, and national-colonial questions.
理论贡献Contribution 他的文本强调具体形势分析、阶级力量判断、公开政治教育和国际主义立场。His writings emphasize concrete analysis, assessment of class forces, public political education, and internationalist positions.
国家理论帝国主义政党理论民族问题state theoryimperialismparty theorynational question文化、意识形态与出版阵地组织能力、群众工作与合法公共实践国家、阶级统治与革命问题方法论：从感受进入历史唯物主义
建议入口Suggested Entry 《什么是“人民之友”以及他们如何攻击社会民主主义者？》What the "Friends of the People" Are and How They Fight the Social-Democrats
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读列宁不能把历史论战抽成命令主义口号，也不能把组织问题理解成替代群众。Do not extract commandist slogans from Lenin’s historical polemics, nor treat organization as a substitute for the masses.
相关专题Related Topics 政治经济学Political Economy、国家理论Theory of the State、帝国主义Imperialism、阶级与劳动Class and Labor、文化霸权Cultural Hegemony
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1893-1976
毛泽东Mao Zedong
毛泽东重要著作、文章和专题阅读入口。Major works, essays, and study entries for Mao Zedong.
历史位置Historical Position 毛泽东把马克思列宁主义同中国革命的具体社会结构、农民问题、民族危机和群众路线结合起来。Mao connected Marxism-Leninism with China’s concrete social structure, peasant question, national crisis, and mass line.
理论贡献Contribution 他的贡献集中在实践论、矛盾分析、新民主主义、群众工作和具体条件下的路线判断。His contributions center on practice, contradiction analysis, New Democracy, mass work, and line judgment under concrete conditions.
实践论矛盾论群众路线新民主主义practicecontradictionmass lineNew Democracy组织能力、群众工作与合法公共实践方法论：从感受进入历史唯物主义帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命文化、意识形态与出版阵地
建议入口Suggested Entry 《中国社会各阶级的分析》Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读毛泽东必须区分历史文献研究和当代实践边界，尤其不得把战争文本转化为任何实操性指导。Reading Mao requires distinguishing historical study from contemporary practice boundaries, especially never turning war texts into operational guidance.
相关专题Related Topics 政治经济学Political Economy、国家理论Theory of the State、帝国主义Imperialism、阶级与劳动Class and Labor、文化霸权Cultural Hegemony
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1891-1937
葛兰西Antonio Gramsci
葛兰西重要著作、文章和专题阅读入口。Major works, essays, and study entries for Antonio Gramsci.
历史位置Historical Position 葛兰西把马克思主义国家理论扩展到市民社会、文化霸权、常识和知识分子问题。Gramsci extends Marxist state theory into civil society, cultural hegemony, common sense, and intellectuals.
理论贡献Contribution 他帮助理解统治如何通过同意、教育、媒体和文化制度长期再生产。He helps explain how rule is reproduced through consent, education, media, and cultural institutions over time.
文化霸权有机知识分子市民社会现代君主cultural hegemonyorganic intellectualscivil societymodern prince文化、意识形态与出版阵地
建议入口Suggested Entry 《社会主义与文化》Socialism and Culture
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 不要把霸权理论简化为传播技巧；它始终连接阶级关系、组织能力和长期阵地。Do not reduce hegemony to communication technique; it remains tied to class relations, organization, and long-term positional work.
相关专题Related Topics 政治经济学Political Economy、国家理论Theory of the State、阶级与劳动Class and Labor、文化霸权Cultural Hegemony、民族与殖民地问题National and Colonial Questions
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1871-1919
罗莎·卢森堡Rosa Luxemburg
罗莎·卢森堡重要著作、文章和专题阅读入口。Major works, essays, and study entries for Rosa Luxemburg.
历史位置Historical Position 罗莎·卢森堡是第二国际和德国社会民主主义内部最重要的革命马克思主义批判者之一。Rosa Luxemburg was one of the most important revolutionary Marxist critics inside the Second International and German Social Democracy.
理论贡献Contribution 她围绕改良与革命、群众罢工、资本积累和国际主义展开理论与政治批判。She developed critiques around reform and revolution, the mass strike, accumulation of capital, and internationalism.
群众罢工资本积累民主与革命国际主义mass strikeaccumulationdemocracy and revolutioninternationalism国家、阶级统治与革命问题国际主义协作与当代任务阶级直觉：看见资本主义日常
建议入口Suggested Entry 《改革还是革命？》Reform or Revolution
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读罗莎不能把她简化为反组织或反改良；要把她放在群众主动性、民主和最终目标的关系中理解。Do not simplify Luxemburg as anti-organization or anti-reform; read her through mass initiative, democracy, and the final aim.
相关专题Related Topics 政治经济学Political Economy、国家理论Theory of the State、帝国主义Imperialism、阶级与劳动Class and Labor、妇女解放Women’s Liberation
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1885-1971
格奥尔格·卢卡奇Georg Lukács
卢卡奇重要著作、章节节选和马克思主义哲学专题入口。Major works, excerpts, and Marxist philosophy entries for Georg Lukács.
历史位置Historical Position 卢卡奇是西方马克思主义的重要开端之一，强调总体性、物化和阶级意识。Lukács is a major starting point of Western Marxism, emphasizing totality, reification, and class consciousness.
理论贡献Contribution 他把《资本论》的商品形式分析推进到现代社会意识和制度形式分析。He extends the commodity-form analysis of Capital toward modern social consciousness and institutional forms.
物化总体性阶级意识reificationtotalityclass consciousnessWestern Marxism文化、意识形态与出版阵地
建议入口Suggested Entry 《历史与阶级意识》History and Class Consciousness
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要注意文本难度、黑格尔传统和后来作者对其主体哲学倾向的批评。Read with attention to its difficulty, Hegelian inheritance, and later criticisms of its subject-philosophy tendency.
相关专题Related Topics 阶级与劳动Class and Labor、文化霸权Cultural Hegemony
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1918-1990
路易·阿尔都塞Louis Althusser
阿尔都塞重要著作与意识形态、结构因果性专题入口。Major works and ideology/structural causality entries for Louis Althusser.
历史位置Historical Position 阿尔都塞代表二十世纪结构主义马克思主义的重要方向，重读《资本论》和意识形态问题。Althusser represents a major strand of twentieth-century structuralist Marxism, rereading Capital and ideology.
理论贡献Contribution 他提出多元决定、意识形态国家机器和社会关系再生产等问题，影响文化与教育研究。He formulated problems of overdetermination, ideological state apparatuses, and reproduction of social relations, influencing cultural and education studies.
意识形态结构因果性多元决定ideologyoverdeterminationstructural causalityreproduction文化、意识形态与出版阵地
建议入口Suggested Entry 《意识形态和意识形态国家机器》Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要看到其结构主义贡献，也要注意对主体、历史能动性和政治实践的争议。Read both his structuralist contributions and controversies around subjectivity, historical agency, and political practice.
相关专题Related Topics 政治经济学Political Economy、国家理论Theory of the State
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1856-1918
普列汉诺夫Georgi Plekhanov
普列汉诺夫历史唯物主义和俄国马克思主义早期文本入口。Historical materialism and early Russian Marxist entries for Georgi Plekhanov.
历史位置Historical Position 普列汉诺夫是俄国马克思主义早期传播和哲学论战的重要人物。Plekhanov was a major figure in the early spread of Russian Marxism and its philosophical debates.
理论贡献Contribution 他系统介绍历史唯物主义，并讨论个人、群众和历史条件的关系。He systematically introduced historical materialism and discussed individuals, masses, and historical conditions.
历史唯物主义个人与历史俄国马克思主义哲学论战historical materialismindividual and historyRussian Marxismphilosophical polemics方法论：从感受进入历史唯物主义国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《论一元论历史观的发展》The Development of the Monist View of History
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要区分其理论传播贡献和后来政治路线争议。Distinguish his theoretical contributions from later political-line controversies.
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1888-1938
布哈林Nikolai Bukharin
布哈林政治经济学、过渡时期和历史唯物主义文本入口。Political economy, transition, and historical materialism entries for Nikolai Bukharin.
历史位置Historical Position 布哈林的重要文本涉及帝国主义、世界经济、过渡时期经济和历史唯物主义教材化。Bukharin wrote important texts on imperialism, world economy, transition economics, and systematized historical materialism.
理论贡献Contribution 他帮助把资本主义世界体系和过渡经济问题纳入马克思主义讨论。He helped place the capitalist world system and transition economics within Marxist debate.
世界经济帝国主义过渡时期历史唯物主义world economyimperialismtransition periodhistorical materialism政治经济学：理解资本运动帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《帝国主义和世界经济》Imperialism and World Economy
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要注意其体系化优点和过度简化、政治争论背景。Note both the strengths of systematization and risks of simplification, as well as political debate contexts.
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1879-1940
托洛茨基Leon Trotsky
托洛茨基历史研究、革命理论和文化批评文本入口。Historical, revolutionary theory, and cultural criticism entries for Leon Trotsky.
历史位置Historical Position 托洛茨基以俄国革命史、不断革命论和文学革命论著进入马克思主义争论史。Trotsky enters Marxist debate through histories of the Russian Revolution, permanent revolution, and literature and revolution.
理论贡献Contribution 他的历史叙述和国际革命问题为比较革命史提供重要材料。His historical narratives and international revolution debates provide important material for comparative revolutionary history.
俄国革命史不断革命文化批评历史经验Russian Revolutionpermanent revolutionliterature and revolutionhistorical narrative国家、阶级统治与革命问题文化、意识形态与出版阵地国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《俄国革命史》History of the Russian Revolution
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时应把其文本作为争论文献处理，注意不同传统的评价差异。Read his writings as contested documents and note differing evaluations across traditions.
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1878-1953
斯大林Joseph Stalin
斯大林历史文献、民族问题和苏联政治经济学文本入口。Historical documents on national questions and Soviet political economy by Joseph Stalin.
历史位置Historical Position 斯大林文本在苏联理论体系化、民族问题和社会主义经济争论中具有重要历史位置。Stalin’s texts hold a major historical position in Soviet theoretical systematization, national question, and socialist economic debates.
理论贡献Contribution 这些文献反映了苏联经验的制度化表达和国际共产主义运动中的理论教材传统。They reflect institutionalized expressions of Soviet experience and textbook traditions in the international communist movement.
民族问题列宁主义史料苏联经济哲学教材Leninism documentsnational questiondialectical materialism textbookSoviet economy方法论：从感受进入历史唯物主义国家、阶级统治与革命问题帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《论列宁主义基础》Foundations of Leninism
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时应保持历史文献方法，区分理论命题、政治语境和后续争议。Use historical-document methods, distinguishing theoretical claims, political context, and later controversies.
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1857-1933
克拉拉·蔡特金Clara Zetkin
蔡特金妇女解放、阶级斗争和国际工人运动文本入口。Women’s liberation, class struggle, and international labor movement entries for Clara Zetkin.
历史位置Historical Position 克拉拉·蔡特金是国际社会主义妇女运动的重要组织者和理论传播者。Clara Zetkin was a major organizer and theorist of the international socialist women’s movement.
理论贡献Contribution 她把妇女解放、阶级斗争、劳动组织和国际主义联系起来。She connects women’s liberation, class struggle, labor organization, and internationalism.
妇女解放阶级斗争国际工运劳动妇女组织women’s liberationclass struggleworking womeninternational socialism阶级直觉：看见资本主义日常文化、意识形态与出版阵地国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《列宁论妇女问题回忆录》Lenin on the Woman Question
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要避免把妇女问题附属化，也避免脱离阶级关系抽象化。Avoid subordinating the women question or abstracting it away from class relations.
相关专题Related Topics 妇女解放Women’s Liberation、政党理论Party Theory、组织理论Organization Theory
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1872-1952
亚历山德拉·柯伦泰Alexandra Kollontai
柯伦泰妇女解放、家庭制度和社会化服务文本入口。Women’s liberation, family, and socialized services entries for Alexandra Kollontai.
历史位置Historical Position 柯伦泰围绕妇女问题、家庭关系和社会主义社会生活提出了重要文本。Kollontai wrote major texts on the woman question, family relations, and socialist social life.
理论贡献Contribution 她把妇女解放放在劳动、家庭、照护和社会再生产的结构中讨论。She situates women’s liberation within labor, family, care, and social reproduction.
妇女问题家庭制度社会再生产新女性woman questionfamily institutionsocial reproductionnew woman阶级直觉：看见资本主义日常文化、意识形态与出版阵地国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《妇女问题的社会基础》The Social Basis of the Woman Question
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要注意其时代语境和关于家庭、情感、社会政策的争议。Read with attention to historical context and controversies around family, affect, and social policy.
相关专题Related Topics 妇女解放Women’s Liberation
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1894-1930
何塞·卡洛斯·马里亚特吉José Carlos Mariátegui
马里亚特吉拉美马克思主义、土地问题和反帝文本入口。Latin American Marxism, land question, and anti-imperialist entries for Mariátegui.
历史位置Historical Position 马里亚特吉是拉美马克思主义的重要奠基者，强调从秘鲁现实出发理解土地、民族和帝国主义。Mariátegui is a founder of Latin American Marxism, emphasizing Peru’s concrete reality of land, Indigenous peoples, and imperialism.
理论贡献Contribution 他反对机械照搬欧洲经验，把马克思主义方法用于殖民地与半殖民地社会。He opposed mechanical copying of European experience and applied Marxist method to colonial and semi-colonial societies.
拉美马克思主义土地问题反帝Latin American Marxismland questionIndigenous questionanti-imperialism帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《秘鲁现实解释七论》Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要注意其创造性本土化和宗教、民族文化讨论的复杂性。Read with attention to creative localization and the complexities of religion and national culture.
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1890-1969
胡志明Ho Chi Minh
胡志明民族解放、殖民问题和越南独立文献入口。National liberation, colonial question, and Vietnamese independence entries for Ho Chi Minh.
历史位置Historical Position 胡志明文本是越南民族解放和国际主义历史文献的重要组成部分。Ho Chi Minh’s texts are important historical documents of Vietnamese national liberation and internationalism.
理论贡献Contribution 它们展示殖民压迫、民族独立和国际共产主义之间的联系。They show links between colonial oppression, national independence, and international communism.
民族解放殖民主义越南独立国际主义anti-colonialismnational liberationVietnamese independenceinternationalism帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《越南独立宣言》Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时应以历史文献和反殖民语境为中心，避免脱离条件复制结论。Center historical documents and anti-colonial context; avoid copying conclusions outside conditions.
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1924-1973
阿米尔卡·卡布拉尔Amílcar Cabral
卡布拉尔民族解放、文化和殖民体系研究入口。National liberation, culture, and colonial system entries for Amílcar Cabral.
历史位置Historical Position 卡布拉尔把民族解放、文化、阶级形成和殖民体系分析结合起来。Cabral connects national liberation, culture, class formation, and colonial-system analysis.
理论贡献Contribution 他强调文化不是装饰，而是被压迫人民认识自身和组织公共生活的重要环节。He emphasizes culture not as decoration but as a key part of oppressed peoples knowing themselves and organizing public life.
民族解放文化殖民体系national liberationcultureanti-colonial struggleclass formation帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命
建议入口Suggested Entry 《理论武器》The Weapon of Theory
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要避免把文化问题浪漫化或脱离经济社会结构。Avoid romanticizing culture or detaching it from economic and social structures.
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1925-1961
弗朗茨·法农Frantz Fanon
法农殖民主义、文化、主体性和民族解放思想入口。Colonialism, culture, subjectivity, and national liberation entries for Frantz Fanon.
历史位置Historical Position 法农是反殖民理论和殖民心理结构分析的重要作者。Fanon is a major writer in anti-colonial theory and analysis of colonial psychic structures.
理论贡献Contribution 他把殖民压迫、种族化、主体形成和民族意识问题联系起来。He connects colonial oppression, racialization, subject formation, and national consciousness.
反殖民民族解放主体性文化心理colonial alienationnational consciousnessanti-colonial theoryrace and class帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命文化、意识形态与出版阵地国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《全世界受苦的人》The Wretched of the Earth
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 本站仅作历史理论阅读，避免把文本中关于殖民暴力的分析转化为任何实操性内容。This site treats the texts as historical-theoretical reading and does not turn analysis of colonial violence into operational content.
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2026-
本站编辑部IMRA Editorial Collective
本站自编导读、术语表、规范和公开研究工具入口。Editorial guides, glossaries, standards, and open research tools by IMRA.
历史位置Historical Position 本站编辑部负责整理导读、术语表、资源模板和公开来源核验规范。The IMRA editorial collective prepares guides, glossaries, resource templates, and public-source verification standards.
理论贡献Contribution 其贡献是把经典阅读、资料整理、翻译校对和合法公共协作连接成可持续工作流。Its contribution is connecting classic reading, documentation, translation review, and lawful public collaboration into a sustainable workflow.
导读术语表公开研究规范study guidespublic researchsource verificationdocumentation standards帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命组织能力、群众工作与合法公共实践文化、意识形态与出版阵地国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《世界革命与殖民地问题专题导读》World Revolution and the Colonial Question: Study Guide
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 本站内容不得替代本地组织，不提供非法、暴力、规避执法或破坏性指导。The site does not replace local organization and provides no illegal, violent, law-evasion, or destructive guidance.
相关专题Related Topics 政治经济学Political Economy、国家理论Theory of the State、帝国主义Imperialism、阶级与劳动Class and Labor、妇女解放Women’s Liberation
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1919-1943
共产国际Comintern
共产国际历史文献与殖民地民族问题资料入口。Historical Comintern documents and national-colonial question entries.
历史位置Historical Position 共产国际资料是国际共产主义运动、殖民地问题和组织协调争论的重要历史档案。Comintern materials are important historical archives of the international communist movement, colonial question, and coordination debates.
理论贡献Contribution 这些资料提供跨国经验比较，但必须结合具体国家条件阅读。They provide comparative international experience but must be read with concrete national conditions.
理论研究历史文献international communist movementcolonial questionhistorical archivecoordination debates帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命
建议入口Suggested Entry 《殖民地和半殖民地国家的革命运动资料导读》Guide to Revolutionary Movements in Colonial and Semi-Colonial Countries
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要避免把档案材料直接当作当代路线模板。Avoid treating archival documents as ready-made contemporary line templates.
相关专题Related Topics 帝国主义Imperialism、民族与殖民地问题National and Colonial Questions
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历史资料Historical Archive
历史档案型资料条目。Historical archive entries.
历史位置Historical Position 历史资料条目用于标注文献、档案和版本检索入口。Historical Archive entries mark documents, archives, and version lookup points.
理论贡献Contribution 它们帮助读者追溯来源、版本和历史语境。They help readers trace sources, editions, and historical context.
历史资料公共档案版本检索专题材料historical archivepublic documentsversion lookupsource criticism帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《殖民地和半殖民地国家的革命运动资料导读》Guide to Revolutionary Movements in Colonial and Semi-Colonial Countries
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 资料条目不等于本站认可全部观点，必须进行来源核验和语境说明。Archive entries are not endorsement of every viewpoint; source verification and contextualization remain necessary.
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1903-1969 / 1895-1973
阿多诺、霍克海默Theodor W. Adorno & Max Horkheimer
批判理论、文化工业和现代意识形态研究入口。Critical theory, culture industry, and modern ideology entries.
历史位置Historical Position 阿多诺、霍克海默代表法兰克福学派对启蒙理性和文化工业的批判。Adorno and Horkheimer represent Frankfurt School critiques of Enlightenment reason and the culture industry.
理论贡献Contribution 他们有助于理解资本主义文化生产、理性工具化和大众文化机制。They help analyze capitalist cultural production, instrumental reason, and mass-culture mechanisms.
理论研究历史文献critical theoryculture industryEnlightenment critiquemass culture文化、意识形态与出版阵地
建议入口Suggested Entry 《启蒙辩证法节选》Dialectic of Enlightenment, Selected Sections
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要注意其精英主义倾向争议以及与阶级组织问题的距离。Note controversies over elitist tendencies and distance from questions of class organization.
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1898-1979
赫伯特·马尔库塞Herbert Marcuse
法兰克福学派、技术理性和消费社会批判入口。Frankfurt School, technological rationality, and consumer society critique entries.
历史位置Historical Position 马尔库塞将批判理论用于战后消费社会、技术理性和主体压抑问题。Marcuse applies critical theory to postwar consumer society, technological rationality, and repression of subjectivity.
理论贡献Contribution 他帮助分析丰裕社会中的整合、需求塑造和反抗条件。He helps analyze integration, shaped needs, and conditions of opposition in affluent society.
理论研究历史文献consumer societyone-dimensionalitytechnology and reasoncritical theory文化、意识形态与出版阵地
建议入口Suggested Entry 《单向度的人节选》One-Dimensional Man, Selected Sections
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要把文化批判重新接回阶级、劳动和组织问题。Reconnect cultural critique to class, labor, and organization.
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1928-1967
切·格瓦拉Che Guevara
历史文本和二十世纪革命经验研究条目；不提供实操性行动指导。Historical entries on twentieth-century revolutionary experience; no operational guidance.
历史位置Historical Position 切·格瓦拉相关文本作为二十世纪第三世界革命历史材料收录。Che Guevara’s texts are included as historical materials of twentieth-century Third World revolutionary history.
理论贡献Contribution 它们提供关于反帝、国际主义和社会主义建设争论的历史材料。They provide historical material on anti-imperialism, internationalism, and debates on socialist construction.
理论研究历史文献revolutionary historyThird World socialismanti-imperialismhistorical documents国际主义协作与当代任务
建议入口Suggested Entry 《游击战：历史文本条目》Guerrilla Warfare: Historical Text Entry
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 本站不提供任何军事、武装或实操指导；相关文本仅作历史研究和来源索引。This site provides no military, armed, or operational guidance; related texts are only historical study and source indexes.
相关专题Related Topics 帝国主义Imperialism
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1909-1972
夸梅·恩克鲁玛Kwame Nkrumah
新殖民主义、非洲解放和世界体系研究入口。Neo-colonialism, African liberation, and world-system entries.
历史位置Historical Position 恩克鲁玛文本是非洲解放、泛非主义和新殖民主义分析的重要历史文献。Nkrumah’s texts are major historical documents for African liberation, Pan-Africanism, and analysis of neo-colonialism.
理论贡献Contribution 他把政治独立、经济依附和世界资本体系联系起来。He connects political independence, economic dependency, and the world capitalist system.
理论研究历史文献neo-colonialismAfrican liberationanti-imperialismpostcolonial state帝国主义、殖民体系与世界革命
建议入口Suggested Entry 《新殖民主义导读》Neo-Colonialism: Study Guide
争议与读法Controversies and Reading Notes 阅读时要注意国家建设经验、反帝理论和具体历史限制之间的关系。Read in relation to state-building experience, anti-imperialist theory, and concrete historical limits.
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