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《怎么办？》What Is To Be Done?

What Is To Be Done?怎么办？

列宁V. I. Lenin 1902 book · core 政党理论、战略与路线Party Theory, Strategy

《怎么办？》围绕讨论政党、路线、组织原则和群众政治之间的关系展开：关于政治报纸、先锋队、意识和组织建设的经典论争文本。这篇适合边读边追问：它解决什么问题、凭什么论证、概念如何变化、哪些地方需要保留历史距离。What Is To Be Done? helps readers discuss party, line, organizational principle, and mass politics: Classic debate text on political newspaper, vanguard, consciousness, and organization. A useful reading records edition details first, follows the argument, and then compares the work with nearby texts.

核心作品 · 编辑优先复核中Core text · editorial priority查看复核与版权状态Review and rights status

进入精品复核轨道，但在五项人工签核完成前，不显示为已人工复核。Placed on the featured review track; it is not labeled human-reviewed until all five checks are signed off.

人工复核：待五项签核Human review: pending five signoffs

中文来源入口Chinese sourceEnglish sourceEnglish source返回作品目录Back to catalog
怎么办？ 站内资料视觉卡，包含作者、年份和主题意象。 / What Is To Be Done? site-generated reference visual card with author, year, and thematic imagery.
《怎么办？》站内生成资料视觉卡What Is To Be Done? site-generated reference visual card 本站基于作品元数据生成的原创资料视觉卡；未直接复制外部图片、现代书封、商业封面或二创图。Site-original reference visual generated from local work metadata; no external image, modern book cover, commercial cover, or fan artwork is copied. International Marxist-Leninist Research & Action Network · Site-original generated visual card from local work metadata; no external image copiedInternational Marxist-Leninist Research & Action Network · Site-original generated visual card from local work metadata; no external image copied

导读摘要Guide Summary

这篇讲什么What This Text Addresses

历史背景Historical Background

列宁围绕俄国社会民主运动的出版、政治揭露和组织问题展开争论，讨论如何把分散经验提升为稳定政治教育。Lenin intervenes in debates on publication, political exposure, and organization in Russian Social Democracy, asking how scattered experience becomes sustained political education.

文本结构Text Structure

文本批评经济主义，讨论自发性与政治意识、报刊网络、组织连续性和公开政治教育。It criticizes economism and discusses spontaneity and political consciousness, newspaper networks, organizational continuity, and public political education.

核心概念Key Concepts

  • 经济主义
  • 自发性
  • 政治意识
  • 报刊组织
  • 稳定协作
  • economism
  • spontaneity
  • political consciousness
  • newspaper organization
  • sustained coordination

阅读顺序Reading Order

先通读标题、目录和推荐理由，再围绕“经济主义”“自发性”标注段落，最后把文本放回学习阶段任务中复盘。First read the title, outline, and recommendation; then mark passages around “economism” and “spontaneity”; finally review it through the stage task.

推荐理由与学习路径Reason and Study Path

为什么读这篇Why Read This Text

建议作为06 组织能力、群众工作与合法公共实践的阅读材料：它能帮助读者围绕政党理论、战略与路线形成可核验的文本笔记。Recommended as Entry reading: it helps place Party Theory and Strategy in a systematic path. Current text status:

06 组织能力、群众工作与合法公共实践06 Organization, Mass Work, and Lawful Public Practice

阅读训练Reading Training

阅读前先知道Before Reading

  • 为什么经济斗争经验不会自动生成完整政治认识？
  • 报刊和理论教育为什么是组织能力？
  • 如何区分公开教育与冒险主义？
  • Why does economic struggle not automatically produce full political understanding?
  • Why are publications and theoretical education organizational capacities?
  • How do we distinguish public education from adventurism?

阅读训练Reading Training

阅读后检查After Reading

检查问题Review Questions

  • 能否说明“自发性”批评的具体对象？
  • 能否把文本转化为合法读书会、翻译和资料整理任务？
  • 能否避免把组织理解成替代群众？
  • Can you explain the specific target of the critique of spontaneity?
  • Can you translate the text into lawful study circles, translation, and documentation tasks?
  • Can you avoid treating organization as a substitute for the masses?

常见误区Common Misreadings

  • 把文本读成秘密技术手册。
  • 把组织能力理解成命令主义。
  • 把理论教育和群众经验对立起来。
  • Reading the text as a clandestine technical manual.
  • Reducing organization to commandism.
  • Opposing theoretical education to mass experience.

本阶段学习任务Stage Task

为一个合法公开读书会设计四周议程：阅读、提问、记录、公开来源核验和总结发布。Design a four-week plan for a lawful public reading group: readings, questions, notes, source verification, and summary publication.

公开来源入口Public Source Entries

从可追溯来源开始阅读Start from Traceable Sources

本站优先提供作品导读、版本说明、引用格式和可追溯的公开来源入口；未核验为公版或授权的全文不复制到站内。This site prioritizes work guides, edition notes, citation format, and traceable public source entries; unverified or unauthorized full texts are not copied locally.

公开来源检索Chinese source英文来源入口Exact public source

引用格式Citation

列宁：《怎么办？》，1902。国际马列主义研究与行动网络：https://imra-network.org/articles/lenin-what-is-to-be-done.html

导读来源说明Guide Source

导读如何生成How This Guide Was Prepared

导读依据：公开参考资料Public reference used

该导读参考公开档案、来源页、作品元数据和本站已有摘要改写，不复制外部导读原文。This guide paraphrases public archive/source information, catalog metadata, and site summaries without copying external guide text.

该导读已完成编辑复核。This guide has completed editorial review.

查看依据来源Open guide/source reference

引用工具Citation Tool

复制引用格式Copy a citation format

引用前请同时记录访问日期，并根据你所在机构要求调整格式。Record your access date and adjust the format to your institution's rules.

GB/T 7714

中文文献格式Chinese citation format

列宁：《怎么办？》，1902。国际马列主义研究与行动网络，https://imra-network.org/articles/lenin-what-is-to-be-done.html。

MLA

V. I. Lenin. "What Is To Be Done?." International Marxist Reading Archive, 1902, https://imra-network.org/articles/lenin-what-is-to-be-done.html.

Chicago

V. I. Lenin. "What Is To Be Done?." International Marxist Reading Archive. Accessed June 21, 2026. https://imra-network.org/articles/lenin-what-is-to-be-done.html.

读完你应该能回答什么What You Should Be Able to Answer

阅读后问题Reading Outcome Questions

  1. 《怎么办？》是在回应什么历史处境、理论争论或组织问题？What historical situation, theoretical debate, or organizational problem does What Is To Be Done? address?
  2. 它怎样讨论组织、路线、群众政治和战略判断之间的关系？How does it discuss the relation between organization, political line, mass politics, and strategy?
  3. 它的核心论证分几步推进，哪些概念不能只按口号理解？What are the main steps in the argument, and which concepts should not be reduced to slogans?
  4. 哪些判断需要回到具体版本、来源和写作对象中核验？Which claims need to be checked against the specific edition, source, and intended audience?

常见误读Common Misreadings

不要这样读Avoid These Readings

  • 不要把文本只当作脱离历史处境的口号或结论表。Do not treat the text as a list of slogans detached from its historical situation.
  • 不要把组织和路线问题读成固定模板，而不看具体形势和群众关系。Do not read organization and political line as fixed templates without concrete conditions and mass relations.
  • 不要把公开链接可访问误认为版权、译本或版本身份已经授权。Do not confuse a reachable public link with copyright, translation, or edition authorization.

文本关系网Text Network

把这篇放回思想网络Place this work back into the network

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