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Red Classics · Edition Entry

The Gadfly

Ethel Lilian Voynich1897

Voynich's 1897 novel: seminary student Arthur, betrayed through the confessional and disowned by his comrades, returns from South American exile as 'the Gadfly' to fight for Italian independence with satirical journalism and gun-running. First published in June 1897 by Henry Holt, New York (pre-1929 US publication, US public domain), the English full text (Project Gutenberg #3431) is served here as local paginated reading. The first Chinese translation (Li Liangmin, 1953; translator died 1991) remains in copyright; the Chinese side links licensed platforms.

Read English full text

Edition and Source Entry

The English text is offered on the US pre-1929 public-domain basis (Henry Holt first edition, June 1897) and served here as local paginated reading. The author died in 1960, so life+70 protection in some jurisdictions runs to the end of 2030; Chinese translations remain in copyright.

English Edition
The Gadfly, US first edition (Henry Holt, 1897; Project Gutenberg eBook #3431; served here as local paginated reading)
Chinese Edition
The Gadfly, translated by Gu Xuman (Yilin Press, licensed e-book); the first translation by Li Liangmin (1953, China Youth Press) remains in copyright
Rights Boundary
Imported on the US pre-1929 public-domain basis; life+70 in some jurisdictions runs to the end of 2030; Chinese translations remain in copyright and no Chinese full text is hosted.
Public source (Project Gutenberg eBook #3431)Chinese licensed e-book (WeRead)