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《雇佣劳动与资本》Wage Labour and Capital

Wage Labour and CapitalOriginal title: 雇佣劳动与资本

马克思Karl Marx 1847 speech · core 政治经济学Political Economy

《雇佣劳动与资本》围绕理解资本、价值、工资、积累和危机如何作为社会关系运转展开：通俗说明工资、资本、劳动力和雇佣关系。可把笔记分成三栏：来源版本、论证步骤、与相关作品的联系。Wage Labour and Capital helps readers understand how capital, value, wages, accumulation, and crisis operate as social relations: Accessible explanation of wages, capital, labor power, and wage labor. Use the text as a map of questions, concepts, and source checks rather than a set of detached slogans.

核心作品 · 编辑优先复核中Core text · editorial priority查看复核与版权状态Review and rights status

进入精品复核轨道，但在五项人工签核完成前，不显示为已人工复核。Placed on the featured review track; it is not labeled human-reviewed until all five checks are signed off.

人工复核：待五项签核Human review: pending five signoffs

中文来源入口Chinese sourceEnglish sourceEnglish source返回作品目录Back to catalog
雇佣劳动与资本 站内资料视觉卡，包含作者、年份和主题意象。 / Wage Labour and Capital site-generated reference visual card with author, year, and thematic imagery.
《雇佣劳动与资本》站内生成资料视觉卡Wage Labour and Capital site-generated reference visual card 本站基于作品元数据生成的原创资料视觉卡；未直接复制外部图片、现代书封、商业封面或二创图。Site-original reference visual generated from local work metadata; no external image, modern book cover, commercial cover, or fan artwork is copied. International Marxist-Leninist Research & Action Network · Site-original generated visual card from local work metadata; no external image copiedInternational Marxist-Leninist Research & Action Network · Site-original generated visual card from local work metadata; no external image copied

导读摘要Guide Summary

这篇讲什么What This Text Addresses

历史背景Historical Background

这组讲演把工资关系从日常经验中拆开，说明劳动者出售的不是“劳动本身”，而是劳动力。These lectures unpack wage relations from everyday experience and show that workers sell labor-power rather than labor itself.

文本结构Text Structure

从工资表象进入劳动力商品，再说明资本与雇佣劳动互相规定，最后引向剩余价值分析。The text moves from the appearance of wages, to labor-power as a commodity, to the reciprocal relation between capital and wage labor.

核心概念Key Concepts

  • 劳动力
  • 工资
  • 资本关系
  • 相对贫困
  • 阶级再生产
  • labor-power
  • wages
  • capital relation
  • relative impoverishment
  • class reproduction

阅读顺序Reading Order

先通读标题、目录和推荐理由，再围绕“劳动力”“工资”标注段落，最后把文本放回学习阶段任务中复盘。First read the title, outline, and recommendation; then mark passages around “labor-power” and “wages”; finally review it through the stage task.

推荐理由与学习路径Reason and Study Path

为什么读这篇Why Read This Text

建议作为01 阶级直觉：看见资本主义日常；03 政治经济学：理解资本运动的阅读材料：它能帮助读者围绕政治经济学形成可核验的文本笔记。Recommended as Entry reading: it helps place Political Economy in a systematic path. Current text status:

01 阶级直觉：看见资本主义日常；03 政治经济学：理解资本运动01 Class Intuition: Seeing Capitalism in Everyday Life; 03 Political Economy: Understanding the Motion of Capital

阅读训练Reading Training

阅读前先知道Before Reading

  • 工资看起来像什么交换？
  • 劳动者为什么必须出售劳动力？
  • 资本为何不是一堆机器或金钱？
  • What kind of exchange do wages appear to be?
  • Why must workers sell labor-power?
  • Why is capital not simply machines or money?

阅读训练Reading Training

阅读后检查After Reading

检查问题Review Questions

  • 能否说明工资形式如何遮蔽剥削关系？
  • 能否区分劳动力价值和劳动创造的价值？
  • 能否把文本概念用于分析加班或计件工资？
  • Can you explain how the wage form hides exploitation?
  • Can you distinguish the value of labor-power from the value created by labor?
  • Can you apply the text to overtime or piece-rate wages?

常见误区Common Misreadings

  • 把工资理解成劳动的全部价值。
  • 把资本看成物，而不是支配劳动的社会关系。
  • 只谈贫富差距而不分析生产关系。
  • Treating wages as the full value of labor.
  • Seeing capital as a thing rather than a social relation commanding labor.
  • Discussing inequality without analyzing production relations.

本阶段学习任务Stage Task

整理一个公开行业资料小表：工资、工时、管理规则、劳动强度，各写一条来源说明。Build a small public-source table with wages, hours, management rules, and labor intensity, each with a source note.

公开来源入口Public Source Entries

从可追溯来源开始阅读Start from Traceable Sources

本站优先提供作品导读、版本说明、引用格式和可追溯的公开来源入口；未核验为公版或授权的全文不复制到站内。This site prioritizes work guides, edition notes, citation format, and traceable public source entries; unverified or unauthorized full texts are not copied locally.

公开来源检索Chinese source英文来源入口Exact public source

引用格式Citation

马克思：《雇佣劳动与资本》，1847。国际马列主义研究与行动网络：https://imra-network.org/articles/marx-wage-labour-capital.html

导读来源说明Guide Source

导读如何生成How This Guide Was Prepared

导读依据：公开参考资料Public reference used

该导读参考公开档案、来源页、作品元数据和本站已有摘要改写，不复制外部导读原文。This guide paraphrases public archive/source information, catalog metadata, and site summaries without copying external guide text.

该导读已完成编辑复核。This guide has completed editorial review.

查看依据来源Open guide/source reference

引用工具Citation Tool

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引用前请同时记录访问日期，并根据你所在机构要求调整格式。Record your access date and adjust the format to your institution's rules.

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中文文献格式Chinese citation format

马克思：《雇佣劳动与资本》，1847。国际马列主义研究与行动网络，https://imra-network.org/en/articles/marx-wage-labour-capital.html。

MLA

Karl Marx. "Wage Labour and Capital." International Marxist Reading Archive, 1847, https://imra-network.org/en/articles/marx-wage-labour-capital.html.

Chicago

Karl Marx. "Wage Labour and Capital." International Marxist Reading Archive. Accessed June 21, 2026. https://imra-network.org/en/articles/marx-wage-labour-capital.html.

读完你应该能回答什么What You Should Be Able to Answer

阅读后问题Reading Outcome Questions

  1. 《雇佣劳动与资本》是在回应什么历史处境、理论争论或组织问题？What historical situation, theoretical debate, or organizational problem does Wage Labour and Capital address?
  2. 它如何说明资本、工资、价值、积累或危机不是单纯经济数字，而是社会关系？How does it show capital, wages, value, accumulation, or crisis as social relations rather than merely economic numbers?
  3. 它的核心论证分几步推进，哪些概念不能只按口号理解？What are the main steps in the argument, and which concepts should not be reduced to slogans?
  4. 哪些判断需要回到具体版本、来源和写作对象中核验？Which claims need to be checked against the specific edition, source, and intended audience?

常见误读Common Misreadings

不要这样读Avoid These Readings

  • 不要把文本只当作脱离历史处境的口号或结论表。Do not treat the text as a list of slogans detached from its historical situation.
  • 不要把剩余价值、工资或资本关系简化为普通低工资问题。Do not reduce surplus value, wages, or capital relations to a simple low-wage problem.
  • 不要把公开链接可访问误认为版权、译本或版本身份已经授权。Do not confuse a reachable public link with copyright, translation, or edition authorization.

文本关系网Text Network

把这篇放回思想网络Place this work back into the network

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