The Iron Heel

Jack London1908

Jack London's 1908 dystopian novel, framed as the manuscript of Avis Cunningham, fictionalizes the class struggle between the American proletariat and the oligarchic 'Iron Heel' from 1912 to 1932. Regarded as the first dystopian novel. The English original is in the public domain via Project Gutenberg; Chinese translations remain under copyright—this entry provides bibliographic lookup only for Chinese.

Edition and Source Entry

The English original is in the public domain and available from Project Gutenberg. Chinese translations remain under copyright; please consult publishers, bookstores, or library systems for specific editions.

English Edition: The Iron Heel (1908), Project Gutenberg eBook #1164 (public domain full text)
Chinese Edition: Chinese translations (various publishers, per respective copyright pages)
Rights Boundary: Jack London's original English text is in the public domain (published 1908, author died 1916). Chinese translations remain under copyright; no Chinese full text is hosted.

English full text (Project Gutenberg)Chinese bibliographic lookup