Red Classics · Edition Entry
Hugo's 1862 novel: the convict Jean Valjean, the inspector Javert, and Fantine's daughter bind poverty, law, and the barricades of 1832 Paris into a humanitarian epic. Hugo died in 1885 and the 1887 Hapgood English translation is public domain, so the English full text (Project Gutenberg #135) is served here as local paginated reading. The first complete Chinese translation (Li Dan and Fang Yu, People's Literature Publishing House) remains in copyright; the abridged 1904 Can Shijie adaptation by Su Manshu and Chen Duxiu is public domain and linked on the Chinese side.
The Hapgood English translation is public domain and served here as local paginated reading (all five volumes, 48 books, 365 chapters verified complete). The first complete Chinese translation remains in copyright; the public-domain 1904 abridged adaptation Can Shijie is linked as a public source.