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《工资、价格和利润》Value, Price and Profit

Value, Price and Profit工资、价格和利润

马克思Karl Marx 1865 speech · core 政治经济学、战略与路线Political Economy, Strategy

《工资、价格和利润》围绕理解资本、价值、工资、积累和危机如何作为社会关系运转展开：解释工资斗争、价值规律和工会斗争的意义。读法上应从对象、段落和来源三个角度进入，而不是只记最醒目的表述。Value, Price and Profit helps readers understand how capital, value, wages, accumulation, and crisis operate as social relations: Explains wage struggles, value theory, and the role of unions. Track the target, the sequence of claims, and the edition evidence before drawing conclusions.

核心作品 · 编辑优先复核中Core text · editorial priority查看复核与版权状态Review and rights status

进入精品复核轨道，但在五项人工签核完成前，不显示为已人工复核。Placed on the featured review track; it is not labeled human-reviewed until all five checks are signed off.

人工复核：待五项签核Human review: pending five signoffs

中文来源入口Chinese sourceEnglish sourceEnglish source返回作品目录Back to catalog
工资、价格和利润 站内资料视觉卡，包含作者、年份和主题意象。 / Value, Price and Profit site-generated reference visual card with author, year, and thematic imagery.
《工资、价格和利润》站内生成资料视觉卡Value, Price and Profit site-generated reference visual card 本站基于作品元数据生成的原创资料视觉卡；未直接复制外部图片、现代书封、商业封面或二创图。Site-original reference visual generated from local work metadata; no external image, modern book cover, commercial cover, or fan artwork is copied. International Marxist-Leninist Research & Action Network · Site-original generated visual card from local work metadata; no external image copiedInternational Marxist-Leninist Research & Action Network · Site-original generated visual card from local work metadata; no external image copied

导读摘要Guide Summary

这篇讲什么What This Text Addresses

历史背景Historical Background

马克思回应工人运动内部关于加薪和工会作用的争论，说明争取工资改善与理解资本主义限制并不矛盾。Marx responds to debates inside the workers’ movement about wage struggles and trade unions, showing why immediate struggles and structural analysis belong together.

文本结构Text Structure

文本先批评工资基金式观点，再解释价值、价格、利润和剩余价值，最后讨论工人组织的现实意义与限制。It criticizes wage-fund arguments, explains value, price, profit, and surplus value, then assesses the meaning and limits of workers’ organization.

核心概念Key Concepts

  • 价值
  • 价格
  • 利润
  • 剩余价值
  • 工会斗争
  • value
  • price
  • profit
  • surplus value
  • trade-union struggle

阅读顺序Reading Order

先通读标题、目录和推荐理由，再围绕“价值”“价格”标注段落，最后把文本放回学习阶段任务中复盘。First read the title, outline, and recommendation; then mark passages around “value” and “price”; finally review it through the stage task.

推荐理由与学习路径Reason and Study Path

为什么读这篇Why Read This Text

建议作为01 阶级直觉：看见资本主义日常；03 政治经济学：理解资本运动的阅读材料：它能帮助读者围绕政治经济学、战略与路线形成可核验的文本笔记。Recommended as Entry reading: it helps place Political Economy and Strategy in a systematic path. Current text status:

01 阶级直觉：看见资本主义日常；03 政治经济学：理解资本运动01 Class Intuition: Seeing Capitalism in Everyday Life; 03 Political Economy: Understanding the Motion of Capital

阅读训练Reading Training

阅读前先知道Before Reading

  • 加薪会不会必然导致同等涨价？
  • 利润从何而来？
  • 工会斗争为何既必要又有限？
  • Do wage increases necessarily cause equivalent price rises?
  • Where does profit come from?
  • Why are trade-union struggles both necessary and limited?

阅读训练Reading Training

阅读后检查After Reading

检查问题Review Questions

  • 能否用文本解释利润不是资本家的个人节俭？
  • 能否说明工资斗争和政治教育的关系？
  • 能否指出文本中对改良主义和宿命论的双重批评？
  • Can you explain why profit is not simply capitalist thrift?
  • Can you explain the relation between wage struggle and political education?
  • Can you identify the text’s critique of both reformism and fatalism?

常见误区Common Misreadings

  • 把马克思理解成反对一切工资斗争。
  • 把价格波动当成价值理论本身。
  • 把工会当成自动解决资本主义矛盾的工具。
  • Thinking Marx opposed all wage struggles.
  • Confusing price fluctuations with value theory itself.
  • Treating trade unions as automatic solutions to capitalist contradictions.

本阶段学习任务Stage Task

写一段说明：为什么争取工资、工时和安全条件的合法公共行动仍需要政治经济学教育。Write a short explanation of why lawful struggles over wages, hours, and safety still need political-economic education.

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从可追溯来源开始阅读Start from Traceable Sources

本站优先提供作品导读、版本说明、引用格式和可追溯的公开来源入口；未核验为公版或授权的全文不复制到站内。This site prioritizes work guides, edition notes, citation format, and traceable public source entries; unverified or unauthorized full texts are not copied locally.

公开来源检索Chinese source英文来源入口Exact public source

引用格式Citation

马克思：《工资、价格和利润》，1865。国际马列主义研究与行动网络：https://imra-network.org/articles/marx-value-price-profit.html

导读来源说明Guide Source

导读如何生成How This Guide Was Prepared

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该导读参考公开档案、来源页、作品元数据和本站已有摘要改写，不复制外部导读原文。This guide paraphrases public archive/source information, catalog metadata, and site summaries without copying external guide text.

该导读已完成编辑复核。This guide has completed editorial review.

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中文文献格式Chinese citation format

马克思：《工资、价格和利润》，1865。国际马列主义研究与行动网络，https://imra-network.org/articles/marx-value-price-profit.html。

MLA

Karl Marx. "Value, Price and Profit." International Marxist Reading Archive, 1865, https://imra-network.org/articles/marx-value-price-profit.html.

Chicago

Karl Marx. "Value, Price and Profit." International Marxist Reading Archive. Accessed June 21, 2026. https://imra-network.org/articles/marx-value-price-profit.html.

读完你应该能回答什么What You Should Be Able to Answer

阅读后问题Reading Outcome Questions

  1. 《工资、价格和利润》是在回应什么历史处境、理论争论或组织问题？What historical situation, theoretical debate, or organizational problem does Value, Price and Profit address?
  2. 它如何说明资本、工资、价值、积累或危机不是单纯经济数字，而是社会关系？How does it show capital, wages, value, accumulation, or crisis as social relations rather than merely economic numbers?
  3. 它的核心论证分几步推进，哪些概念不能只按口号理解？What are the main steps in the argument, and which concepts should not be reduced to slogans?
  4. 哪些判断需要回到具体版本、来源和写作对象中核验？Which claims need to be checked against the specific edition, source, and intended audience?

常见误读Common Misreadings

不要这样读Avoid These Readings

  • 不要把文本只当作脱离历史处境的口号或结论表。Do not treat the text as a list of slogans detached from its historical situation.
  • 不要把剩余价值、工资或资本关系简化为普通低工资问题。Do not reduce surplus value, wages, or capital relations to a simple low-wage problem.
  • 不要把公开链接可访问误认为版权、译本或版本身份已经授权。Do not confuse a reachable public link with copyright, translation, or edition authorization.

文本关系网Text Network

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